A genotype is what determines a specific trait. A genotype is considered the recessive trait, and doesn’t actually show, but is internal. For example, a classic study on yellow and green peas showed that even though the pea looked green, its genotype was still yellow, although you couldn’t see it.
A phenotype also determines a specific trait. Just opposite of the genotype, it is considered the dominant trait, and actually shows, and is external. Again, the yellow and green peas study shows that peas are green, which means that its phenotype is green, and this is what is visible.
An allele is a DNA coding which is located on a chromosome. Usually these alleles are sequences that code for a gene. Therefore genotypes for a gene is a set of alleles.
Dominant genes refer to how alleles interact to produce a phenotype. This again is visible to the naked eye, and is controlled by a single gene with two alleles.
Recessive genes are genes that are still phenotypically expressed in a homozygous state, but its ‘expression’ is masked through the presence of a dominant gene, making it non-visible to the naked eye.
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